Central Nervous System Drugs Market Definition

The central nervous system (CNS) drugs market consists of sales of central nervous system drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture central nervous system drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases affecting the brain or spinal cord. The CNS drugs include anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antiemetics, antiparkinsonian agents, CNS stimulants, analgesics, and sedatives. Neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, Parkinson and psychological indications such as depression, and dementia are generally treated through these CNS drugs. Nervous system disorders are defined as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Some of the common clinical indications of such disorders include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. These also include mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The market for CNS disorder drugs comprises of drugs that work in different ways depending on the type of disease by suppressing or boosting the brain activities.

CAR-T Therapy Market Definition

The chimeric antigen receptor -T therapy market consists of sales of CAR-T therapy products and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies to treat blood cancers. CAR-T therapy is type of immunotherapy in which T-cells taken from patient’s blood are modified in a laboratory with the addition of a special protein receptor that grants T-cells the power to recognize as well as kill cancer cells easily, along with infusing the same back into that patient. This special protein receptor, known as the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), attaches to a specific protein on a patient’s cancer cells. The infused cells multiply and prevail in the patient’s body as living drugs. This industry includes establishments that are involved in the research and development to introduce new targeted cell therapies for treating indications related mostly to hematological malignancies. However, some of the pipeline CAR-T therapies are aimed at targeting solid tumors including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, brain tumor, and other cancer types.

Pharmaceutical Drugs Market Definition

Pharmaceutical drugs are substances used to prevent treat or cure diseases or ailments or to alleviate their symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies produce pharmaceutical drugs made from active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients. The pharmaceutical drug market consists of sales of pharmaceutical drugs by entities (organizations sole traders and partnerships) that produce and sell pharmaceutical drugs or biologics used to treat various diseases. This industry includes establishments that produce drugs such as cardiovascular drugs gastrointestinal drugs genito-urinary drugs hematology drugs and other drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases rare genetic disorders infections metabolic disorders cancers respiratory diseases and others.

Oncology Drugs Market Definition

Oncology drugs refer to preparations used to treat cancer, which is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells. These drugs work by either killing cancer cells or slowing down their growth and spread. Oncology drugs may be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as surgery or radiation therapy. The oncology drugs market consists of sales of oncology drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce oncology drugs and biologics to treat all types of cancers. This industry includes establishments that produce pharmaceutical drugs and biologics used in chemotherapy, radio therapies for treating gastric cancer, kidney cancer, brain tumor, and other cancer types.

Dry Eye Medication Market Definition

The dry eye medication market consists of sales of dry eye drugs and other related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture dry eye medication (or drugs) used to treat dry eyes. The dry eye medication market covers drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases related to dry eyes, irritation, pain, and infection. Dry eye is one of the most common eye related medical conditions; for example, an estimated 25 million Americans suffer from at least one symptom of dry eyes. It can be defined as the inability of human eyes to produce or maintain a sufficient quantity and quality of natural tears to lubricate the eyes. This can result in damage to the surface of the eyes, leading to pain, irritation, and inflammation, increase the risk of eye infection, and affect a person’s vision. Common disorders caused by dry eyes include keratoconjunctivitis sicca, evaporative dry eye disease, and aqueous dry eye disease. The market numbers in this briefing cover pharmaceutical (drug) treatments and do not cover biologic treatments for these conditions, which are included in a separate report.

The genito-urinary drugs market consists of sales of genito-urinary drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce genito-urinary drugs to treat genito- urinary diseases such as urinary tract infections, male reproductive diseases, voiding diseases, female reproductive diseases, glomerular disorders, urinary calculi, cystic kidney disease, Reno vascular diseases, benign prostate diseases, and other related diseases. This industry includes establishments that produce infertility drugs, hormonal contraceptives, erectile dysfunction drugs and hormonal replacement drugs to treat infertility, infections and prevent pregnancy. It also consists of establishments which produce drugs for benign prostatic hypertrophy, drugs for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, diuretics to treat urinary calculi, glomerular disorders and other urinary disorders. The main types of genito-urinary drugs are hormonal contraceptives, drugs for benign prostatic hypertrophy, drugs for infertility, drugs for erectile dysfunction, drugs for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, drugs for infections and others, drugs for hormonal replacement therapy and diuretics. Hormonal contraceptives are medications or devices that reduce the likelihood of becoming pregnant. The drugs are administered through oral, parenteral, and others that are classified into branded and generic drugs. The various mode of purchase includes prescription-based drugs and over-the-counter drugs which are distributed by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies/ drug stores, and others. The global genito-urinary drugs market size is expected to grow from $40.40 billion in 2021 to $42.75 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The genito-urinary drugs market is expected to reach $63.83 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 10.5%. The aging population profile of most countries contributed to the growth of the gastrointestinal drugs market. The increase in patient pool due to rising geriatric population globally, contributed significantly to the growth of the market during the historic period. According to the WHO, by 2030, one in every six people on the planet will be 60 or older. The proportion of the population aged 60 and up will rise from 1 billion in 2020 to 2.2 billion by 2050. This rise in the geriatric population increased the demand for medical care and drove the healthcare expenditure. This has led to increased demand for pharmaceuticals products, significantly impacting market growth during this period. Regulatory agencies and federal governments adopted stringent regulations and took a tough stance on drug pricing by pharmaceutical companies during the historic period. Pharmaceutical companies faced criticism from politicians, patients and physicians over high pricing of some medicines and drugs. Moreover, companies had to sell drugs and medicines at subsidized rates to government hospitals, doctors and clinics, further effecting companies’ revenues. This led to drug manufacturing companies operating on a reduced profit margin, which negatively impacted the attractiveness of the genito-urinary drugs industry in the historic period. Pharmaceutical companies are investing in development of new class drugs for treating overactive bladders (OAB). Earlier anti-muscarinic agents have been used for the treatment of OAB. Going forward, the market is expected to be driven by a new class of drug known as beta-3 adrenergic agonists that has been increasingly used to treat OAB. Beta-3 adrenergic agonists are drugs which cause the bladder muscles to relax without causing side effects such as dry mouth. For instance, In December 2019, GEMTESA's new drug application (NDA) was submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and it was accepted for review in March 2020. GEMTESA ® is a beta-3 adrenergic agonist used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) in adults with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency. Major companies in the genito-urinary drugs market include Sanofi S.A, GlaxosmithKline, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Reckitt, Benckiser Group plc, Astellas Pharma Inc., Otsuka Holdings Co ltd, Pfizer Inc., Merck KGaA and Daiichi Sankyo Company. North America was the largest region in the genito-urinary market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the genito-urinary drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the dermatology drugs market report are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela and Vietnam. The global genito-urinary drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Hormonal Contraceptives, Drugs for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, Drugs for Infertility, Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction, Drugs for Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder, Drugs for Infections and Others, Drugs for Hormonal Replacement Therapy, Diuretics 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Others 4) By Drug Classification: Branded Drugs, Generic Drugs 5) By Mode of Purchase: Prescription-Based Drugs, Over-The-Counter Drugs

The vaccines market consists of sales of vaccines and related services. This industry includes establishments that produce anti-infective vaccines, autoimmunity vaccines and vaccines for cancer and other diseases. Vaccines create antibody-antigen reaction that helps in attaining resistance to the disease causing organism. Vaccines include recombinant vaccines, conjugate vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, toxoid vaccines and others. The main types of vaccines market are anti-infective vaccines, autoimmunity, others (cancer and others). Anti-infective vaccines are used to prevent infectious diseases. The various technologies of vaccines include conjugate vaccines, inactivated and subunit vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, recombinant vaccines, and toxoid vaccines that are administered through intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), oral, and others. The different valance of vaccines market are monovalent and multivalent which are distributed by institutional sale, hospital pharmacies, and retail pharmacies. The global vaccines market size is expected to decline from $92.70 billion in 2021 to $105.20 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.5%. The slow decline is mainly due to the outbreak of COVID-19 that has led to deferment of immunocompromised treatments. The vaccines market is expected to reach $290.67 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 28.9%. Rising awareness on immunization and vaccination benefits in emerging markets is consistently driving the global vaccines market growth. World Health Organization (WHO) is taking initiatives to increase awareness of immunization through global vaccine action plan (GVAP) and global Immunization vision and strategy (GIVS). They aim to strengthen routine immunization, control morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases and help countries to immunize more people with a greater range of vaccines. The Organization accomplishes this work through its biological programme, the WHO Collaborating Centers, and the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS). In 2019, according to the WHO, approximately 85% of infants globally (116 million infants) received 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccine, protecting them against infectious diseases that can cause serious illness and disability or be fatal. Furthermore, 125 countries reached at least 90% coverage of the DTP3 vaccine in 2019. The vaccines market growth is limited due to severe shortage of skilled healthcare professionals for developing biologics drugs which requires specialized skillsets. These skillsets are limited to some research organizations and medical equipment companies in the USA and Europe, this is expected to be a major restraint on the market. According to a study conducted by the consulting firm Mercer, the United States will face significant healthcare worker shortages in the coming decade. The firm predicts a shortage of more than 400,000 home health aides and 29,400 nurse practitioners by 2025. This shortage also led to rise in competition and salaries for the limited talent pool available for biologics talent, thereby further limiting growth of the market. The vaccines market has been witnessing multiple strategic initiatives and mergers and acquisitions in the recent years. Top companies in the market are strategically acquiring start-ups and mid-sized companies to broaden products and services. For instance, in February 2019, Bharat Biotech acquired Chiron Behring Vaccines, a clinical biotechnology company, one of the leading manufacturers of rabies vaccines across the globe. Similarly, in September 2021, Sanofi, a France based healthcare company, acquired Translate Bio, an mRNA therapeutics company developing potentially transformative medicines to treat diseases caused by protein or gene dysfunction, for a deal amount of $3.2 billion to develop mRNA vaccines. Companies in the industry are increasingly realigning their portfolios and pursuing profitable inorganic growth opportunities. Additionally, M&A interest is also being fueled by stronger corporate balance sheets, liquid debt markets, and continued favourable interest rates globally. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) in the United States responsible for assuring quality, safety, and effectiveness of all vaccines for human use. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) within the US FDA is responsible for regulating vaccines market. Governments across the world are encouraging the research and development of biologics in order to develop more targeted therapies and vaccines for various diseases. In May 2014, the US FDA announced a fast-track initiative to review its drugs and biologics policy to speed the availability of therapies to patients with serious conditions, orphan drugs for rare disease, while preserving the safety and efficacy standards. In 2016, FDA also removed a rule (Section 610.21 of the FDA code) which specified minimal potency limits for certain antibodies and antigens. In addition, FDA is also updating regulations (Section 610.53 of FDA code) regarding storage periods and storage conditions for biologics. In May 2020, Novavax, a US-based late-stage biotechnology company specialising in next-generation vaccines, announced the acquisition of Praha Vaccines, a subsidiary of the Cyrus Poonawalla Group, for a deal amount of $167 million. With this acquisition, Novavax increased its annual capacity of more than one billion doses of antigen for NVX-CoV2373, Novavax's COVID-19 vaccine candidate. Praha Vaccines was a subsidiary of the Cyrus Poonawalla Group, which is the parent company of Serum Institute of India and specialises in the production of immuno-biologicals. Major players in the vaccines market are AstraZeneca, Emergent Biosolutions, Glaxosmithkline, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Abbott, Astellas Pharma, Bavarian Nordic, CSL Limited, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Johnson & Johnson, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Serum Institute of India, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Biological E Limited, BiondVax Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Madison Vaccines Incorporated, NOVARTIS AG, Novavax Inc., Panacea Biotec, Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Valneva SE, and VBI Vaccine Inc. North America was the largest region in the vaccines market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the vaccine market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the vaccines market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The global vaccines market is segmented - 1) By Type: Anti-Infective Vaccines, Autoimmunity, Others (Cancer and Others) 2) By Technology: Conjugate Vaccines, Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines, Live Attenuated Vaccines, Recombinant Vaccines, Toxoid Vaccines 3) By Route of Administration: Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC), Oral, Others 4) By Valence: Monovalent, Multivalent 5) By Distribution Channel: Institutional Sale, Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies

The oncology drugs market consists of sales of oncology drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce oncology drugs to diagnose and treat all types of cancers. This industry includes establishments that produce drugs used in chemotherapy, surgery and radio therapies for treating pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, brain tumor, and other different cancer types. The main types of oncology drugs are lung cancer drugs, pancreatic cancer drugs, breast cancer drugs, prostate cancer drugs, ovarian cancer drugs, colorectal cancer drugs, gastric cancer drugs, kidney cancer drugs, brain tumor drugs, thyroid cancer drugs, skin cancer drugs, bladder cancer drugs, cervical cancer drugs, blood cancer drugs and others (kaposi sarcoma, aids-related lymphoma, anal cancer, bone cancer, retinoblastoma, testicular cancer, hepatocellular (liver) cancer, mouth cancer, neuroblastoma). Breast cancer drugs are used to target and destroy breast cancer cells. The drugs are administered through oral, parenteral, and others that are classified into branded and generic drugs. The various mode of purchase includes prescription-based drugs and over-the-counter drugs which are distributed by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies/ drug stores and others. The global oncology drugs market size is expected to grow from $199.95 billion in 2021 to $223.21 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The oncology drugs market is expected to reach $540.60 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 24.8%. The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has acted as a significant restraint on the oncology drugs market in 2020 as supply chains were disrupted due to restrictions on trade of pharmaceutical ingredients and products across countries. COVID-19 is an infectious disease with flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing. The virus was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province of the People’s Republic of China and spread globally including Western Europe, North America and Asia. Steps by national governments to contain the transmission have resulted in a decline in economic activity with countries entering a state of lockdown and the outbreak had a negative impact on businesses throughout 2020 and into 2021. Pharmaceutical markets such as this one has been relatively unaffected however due to continued availability of drugs during government lock downs and inelasticity of demand. It is expected that the oncology market will recover from the shock across the forecast period as it is a 'black swan' event and not related to ongoing or fundamental weaknesses in the market or the global economy. Companies in the oncology drugs market are increasingly investing in technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) to save time and reduce research and development costs. AI is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems, which has the potential to surpass human intelligence levels. This technology helps to analyze large sets of chemical and biological data to identify potential drug candidates with higher success rates and at a quicker pace when compared to human analysis. The technology also helps in speeding up the patient recruitment process by matching cancer patients with the most relevant clinical trials, thus lowering clinical trial costs. Major oncology drug manufacturers such as Roche, Pfizer and Johnson and Johnson have already invested in AI technologies to reduce time taken and costs incurred for drug development. For example, Johnson and Johnson has recently entered into an agreement with BenevolentAI, a UK-based start-up, to mine data for designing new oncology drugs. Companies in the oncology drug market are investing in targeted therapy, which has proven to be less toxic compared to traditional treatment options. Targeted cancer therapies are drugs or substances which block the growth of cancer by interfering with molecules that are more specifically involved in cancer cell progression than in normal cell activity. The goal of these therapies is to eliminate cancerous cells in the body while leaving normal cells unharmed. By focusing on changes in the cell that are specific to cancer, this therapy may prove to be more effective than traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Companies in oncology market such as Pfizer, Novartis and Abbvie have understood the importance of this treatment method and are increasingly investing in it. According to a report by QuintilesIMS, 87% of the drugs currently in pipeline constitute of targeted therapy drugs. Major companies in the oncology drugs market include F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis AG, Gilead Sciences Inc, Bayer AG, and Takeda Pharmaceticals. North America was the largest region in the oncology drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period The regions covered in the oncology drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the oncology drugs market report are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela and Vietnam. The global oncology drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Lung Cancer Drugs, Pancreatic Cancer Drugs, Breast Cancer Drugs, Prostate Cancer Drugs, Ovarian Cancer Drugs, Colorectal Cancer Drugs, Gastric Cancer Drugs, Kidney Cancer Drugs, Brain Tumor Drugs, Thyroid Cancer Drugs, Skin Cancer Drugs, Bladder Cancer Drugs, Cervical Cancer Drugs, Blood Cancer Drugs, Others (Kaposi Sarcoma, AIDS-Related Lymphoma, Anal Cancer, Bone Cancer, Retinoblastoma, Testicular Cancer, Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Mouth Cancer, Neuroblastoma) 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Others 4) By Drug Classification: Branded Drugs, Generic Drugs 5) By Mode of Purchase: Prescription-Based Drugs, Over-The-Counter Drugs