1. Executive Summary 2. Report Structure
3. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Characteristics
3.1. Market Definition
3.2. Key Segmentations
4. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Product Analysis
4.1. Leading Products/ Services
4.2. Key Features and Differentiators
4.3. Development Products
5. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Supply Chain
5.1. Supply Chain
5.2. Distribution
5.3. End Customers
6. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Customer Information
6.1. Customer Preferences
6.2. End Use Market Size and Growth
7. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Trends And Strategies
8. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size And Growth
8.1. Market Size
8.2. Historic Market Growth, Value ($ Billion)
8.2.1. Drivers Of The Market
8.2.2. Restraints On The Market
8.3. Forecast Market Growth, Value ($ Billion)
8.3.1. Drivers Of The Market
8.3.2. Restraints On The Market
9. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Regional Analysis
9.1. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Region, Value ($ Billion)
9.2. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Region
9.3. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Region
10. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Segmentation
10.1. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Drilling Services - Support Activities For Coal Mining
Exploration Services - Support Activities For Coal Mining
Draining Services - Support Activities For Coal Mining
Others - Support Activities For Coal Mining
10.2. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Process, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Underground
Opencast
11. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
11.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, Global
11.2. Per Capita Average Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Expenditure, 2015-2023, Global
12. Asia-Pacific Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.1. Asia-Pacific Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
12.2. Asia-Pacific, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
12.3. Asia-Pacific, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
12.4. Asia-Pacific, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
12.5. Asia-Pacific, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
12.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, Asia-Pacific Countries
12.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, Asia-Pacific Countries
12.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, Asia-Pacific Countries
12.6. Asia-Pacific Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7. Asia-Pacific Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
12.7.1. China Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.1.1. China Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
12.7.1.2. China Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.1.3. China Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.2. Australia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.2.1. Australia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.2.2. Australia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.3. Hong Kong Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.3.1. Hong Kong Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.4. India Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.4.1. India Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.4.2. India Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.5. Indonesia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.5.1. Indonesia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.5.2. Indonesia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.6. Japan Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.6.1. Japan Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.6.2. Japan Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.7. Malaysia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.7.1. Malaysia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.8. New Zealand Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.8.1. New Zealand Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.9. Philippines Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.9.1. Philippines Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.10. Singapore Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.10.1. Singapore Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.11. South Korea Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.11.1. South Korea Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.11.2. South Korea Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.12. Thailand Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.12.1. Thailand Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
12.7.13. Vietnam Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
12.7.13.1. Vietnam Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13. Western Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.1. Western Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
13.2. Western Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
13.3. Western Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
13.4. Western Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
13.5. Western Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
13.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, Western Europe Countries
13.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, Western Europe Countries
13.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, Western Europe Countries
13.6. Western Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7. Western Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
13.7.1. Austria Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.1.1. Austria Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.2. Belgium Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.2.1. Belgium Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.3. Denmark Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.3.1. Denmark Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.4. Finland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.4.1. Finland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.5. France Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.5.1. France Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.5.2. France Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.6. Germany Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.6.1. Germany Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.6.2. Germany Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.7. Ireland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.7.1. Ireland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.8. Italy Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.8.1. Italy Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.9. Netherlands Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.9.1. Netherlands Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.10. Norway Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.10.1. Norway Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.11. Portugal Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.11.1. Portugal Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.12. Spain Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.12.1. Spain Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.13. Sweden Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.13.1. Sweden Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.14. Switzerland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.14.1. Switzerland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.15. UK Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
13.7.15.1. UK Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.15.2. UK Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
14. Eastern Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
14.1. Eastern Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
14.2. Eastern Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
14.3. Eastern Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
14.4. Eastern Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
14.5. Eastern Europe, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
14.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, Eastern Europe Countries
14.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, Eastern Europe Countries
14.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, Eastern Europe Countries
14.6. Eastern Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7. Eastern Europe Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
14.7.1. Czech Republic Support Activities For Coal Mining Market,
14.7.1.1. Czech Republic Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.2. Poland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
14.7.2.1. Poland Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.3. Romania Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
14.7.3.1. Romania Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.4. Russia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
14.7.4.1. Russia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.4.2. Russia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
15. North America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
15.1. North America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
15.2. North America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
15.3. North America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
15.4. North America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
15.5. North America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
15.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, North America Countries
15.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, North America Countries
15.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, North America Countries
15.6. North America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7. North America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
15.7.1. Canada Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
15.7.1.1. Canada Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.2. Mexico Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
15.7.2.1. Mexico Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.3. USA Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
15.7.3.1. USA Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
15.7.3.2. USA Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.3.3. USA Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16. South America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.1. South America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
16.2. South America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
16.3. South America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
16.4. South America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
16.5. South America, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
16.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, South America Countries
16.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, South America Countries
16.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, South America Countries
16.6. South America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7. South America Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
16.7.1. Argentina Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.7.1.1. Argentina Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.2. Brazil Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.7.1.1. Brazil Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.2.2. Brazil Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.3. Chile Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.7.3.1. Chile Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.4. Colombia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.7.4.1. Colombia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.5. Peru Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.7.5.1. Peru Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.6. Venezuela Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
16.7.6.1. Venezuela Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
17. Middle East Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
17.1. Middle East Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
17.2. Middle East, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
17.3. Middle East, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
17.4. Middle East, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
17.5. Middle East, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
17.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, Middle East Countries
17.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, Middle East Countries
17.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, Middle East Countries
17.6. Middle East Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7. Middle East Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
17.7.1. Saudi Arabia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
17.7.1.1. Saudi Arabia Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.2. Israel Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
17.7.2.1. Israel Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.3. Turkey Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
17.7.3.1. Turkey Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.4. UAE Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
17.7.4.1. UAE Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
18. Africa Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
18.1. Africa Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Overview
18.2. Africa, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2019, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
18.3. Africa, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
18.4. Africa, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
18.5. Africa, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Metrics
18.5.1. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2015-2023, Africa Countries
18.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Enterprises, 2019, Africa Countries
18.5.3. Number of Employees, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Support Activities For Coal Mining Market/Number of Employees, 2019, Africa Countries
18.6. Africa Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, Segmentation By Type, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7. Africa Support Activities For Coal Mining Market: Country Analysis
18.7.1. Egypt Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
18.7.1.1. Egypt Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7.2. Nigeria Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
18.7.2.1. Nigeria Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7.3. South Africa Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
18.7.3.1. South Africa Support Activities For Coal Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Value ($ Billion)
19. Support Activities For Coal Mining Market Competitive Landscape
19.1. Competitive Market Overview
19.2. Market Shares
19.3. Company Profiles
19.3.1. CIMIC Group
19.3.1.1. Company Overview
19.3.1.2. Products And Services
19.3.1.3. Strategy
19.3.1.4. Financial Performance
19.3.2. PT United Tractors
19.3.2.1. Company Overview
19.3.2.2. Products And Services
19.3.2.3. Strategy
19.3.2.4. Financial Performance
19.3.3. Downer Blasting Services (DBS)
19.3.3.1. Company Overview
19.3.3.2. Products And Services
19.3.3.3. Strategy
19.3.3.4. Financial Performance
19.3.4. Barminco Holdings Pty Limited
19.3.4.1. Company Overview
19.3.4.2. Products And Services
19.3.4.3. Strategy
19.3.4.4. Financial Performance
19.3.5. Boart Longyear
19.3.5.1. Company Overview
19.3.5.2. Products And Services
19.3.5.3. Strategy
19.3.5.4. Financial Performance
20. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Support Activities For Coal Mining Market
21. Market Background: Support Activities For Mining Market
21.1. Support Activities For Mining Market Characteristics
21.2. Support Activities For Mining Market Historic and Forecast, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F Growth, By Segment, Value ($ Billion), Global
21.3. Global Support Activities For Mining Market, 2019, By Region, Value ($ Billion)
21.4. Global Support Activities For Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Historic And Forecast, By Region
21.5. Global Support Activities For Mining Market, 2015-2019, 2023F, 2025F, 2030F, Segmentation By Type, Value ($ Billion)
22. Recommendations
22.1. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market In 2023- Growth Countries
22.2. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market In 2023- Growth Segments
22.3. Global Support Activities For Coal Mining Market In 2023- Growth Strategies
23. Appendix
23.1. NAICS Definitions Of Industry Covered In This Report
23.2. Abbreviations
23.3. Currencies
23.4. Research Inquiries
23.5. The Business Research Company
24. Copyright And Disclaimer